APPENDIX II Structures of Modified Nucleosides Found in tRNA

Abstract

The structures of modified nucleosides of tRNA found to date are displayed.

aPseudouridine (ψ)bDihydrouridine (D)cRibothymidine (T)d5-Methoxyuridine (mo⁵U)eUridin-5-oxyacetic acid (V)fUridin-5-oxyacetic acid methyl ester(mV)^ag5-(Methoxycarbonylmethyl)uridine(mcm⁵U)h5-Carboxymethylaminomethyluridine(cmnm⁵U)^bi4-Thiouridine (s⁴U)j5-Methyl-2-thiouridine (m⁵s²U)k5-(Methoxycarbonylmethyl)-2-thiouridine (mcm⁵s²U)l5-Methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine(mnm⁵s²U)m5-Carboxymethylaminomethyl-2- thiouridine (cmnm⁵s²U)^cn3-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine(acp³U)o3-Methylcytidine (m³C)p5-Methylcytidine (m⁵C)qN⁴-Acetylcytidine (ac⁴C)r2-Thiocytidine (s²C)s1-Methylinosine (m¹I)tInosine (I)uN⁶-Methyladenosine (m⁶A)v1-Methyladenosine (m¹A)wN⁶-Isopentenyladenosine (i⁶A)x2-Methylthio-N⁶-isopentenyladenosine(ms²i⁶A)yN-[(9-β-D-Ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine (t⁶A)zN-[(9-β-D-Ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)N-methylcarbamoyl]threonine (mt⁶A)aaN-[N-[(9-β-D-Ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonyl]2-amido-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3-diol^dbb1-Methylguanosine (m¹G)ccN²-Methylguanosine (m²G)ddN²,N²-Dimethylguanosine (m₂²G)ee7-Methylguanosine (m⁷G)ffBase “Y” (yw)ggBase “peroxy Y” (oyW)hhBase “Yt” (W)iiR = H Q (queuosine or Quo),^e R = β-D-mannosyl manQ,^f R=β-D-galactosyl galQ^f

References to characterization of the modified nucleosides are cited in: S. Nishimura. 1972. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 12:49; and D. B. Dunn and R. H. Hall. 1975. In Handbook of biochemistry and molecular biology, 3rd ed. (ed. G. D. Fasman), Nucleic Acids, vol. 1, p. 216. CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio. ^aLesiewicz, J. and B. Dudock. 1977. Fed. Proc. 36:705; ^bMurao, K. and H. Ishikura. 1978. Nucleic Acids Res. (special publication) 5:s333; ^cH. Ishikura, pers. comm.; ^dKasai, H., K. Murao, S. Nishimura, J. G. Liehr, P. F. Crain, and J. A. McCloskey. 1976. Eur. J. Biochem. 69:435; ^eKasai, H., Z. Ohashi, F. Harada, S. Nishimura, N. J. Oppenheimer, P. F. Crain, J. G Liehr, D. L. von Minden, and...